How to Defend a Tribunal Claim You Disagree With in New South Wales

You have been served with a Notice of Claim from the NSW Civil and Administrative Tribunal (NCAT). The applicant wants money, wants you to do something, or claims you breached a contract. You disagree.

For the forms, fees and each step, see our guide to making an NCAT application.

This guide explains how to defend an NCAT claim in New South Wales — the dates that matter, the evidence rules, and what to expect at the hearing.

What NCAT is and why you need to defend

NCAT is New South Wales’s low-cost tribunal system for resolving disputes without going to court. Most claims involve:

• Consumer disputes — defective goods, services not delivered, refunds refused
• Residential tenancy — bond disputes, repairs, eviction challenges
• Strata schemes — by-law disputes, levies, defects
• Home building — defective or incomplete residential building work

A general debt claim between businesses is heard in the Local Court, not NCAT. NCAT is less formal than a court, but the decisions are legally binding. NCAT’s respondent page says that if you do nothing and do not attend the hearing, NCAT will probably hear the application in your absence and enforceable orders may be made against you.

Read the application carefully

The applicant’s Notice of Claim sets out:

• What they are claiming (money, orders, repairs)
• Why they say you are liable
• What evidence they have attached
• The NCAT file number and hearing date (if listed)

Read every page. Identify the specific allegations. Note any factual errors, missing context, or claims you dispute.

Applicants often overstate damages, misrepresent what was agreed, fail to attach supporting evidence, or claim against the wrong party. If the claim is fundamentally wrong, your defence will focus on those gaps.

Check your deadline to respond

NCAT’s page on how to respond to a case says either NCAT or the applicant will send you a copy of the application and any attached documents, and NCAT will send you a notice of listing. For a case in the Consumer and Commercial Division, it describes no response form and no response deadline. If the notice asks you to provide documents by a particular date, that date is your deadline. Other divisions and case types can work differently.

Check the Notice of Claim for any specific response date listed by the tribunal.

Prepare your written response

Your response document should include:

1. Your position — do you admit, deny, or partially admit the claim?
2. Your version of events — what actually happened, in chronological order
3. Why you are not liable — the legal or factual reasons the claim should fail
4. Any counterclaim — if the applicant owes you money or breached the agreement first

Format:

• Use numbered paragraphs
• Respond to each allegation in the application
• Be factual, not emotional
• Cite any relevant contract terms, invoices, or communications

Example structure:

> Response to Application GEN 24/12345 > > 1. The respondent denies the claim. > 2. The applicant alleges the respondent failed to deliver goods by 15 March 2024. This is incorrect. The goods were delivered on 14 March 2024 as evidenced by the attached delivery receipt. > 3. The applicant claims $5,000 in damages. No loss has been proven. The applicant continued using the goods without complaint for six months. > 4. The respondent seeks dismissal of the application with costs.

Keep it under 3-4 pages. NCAT members read dozens of these — clarity wins.

Gather and organise your evidence

NCAT decisions are based on evidence, not arguments. You must prove your version of events.

Admissible evidence includes:

• Documents — contracts, invoices, receipts, emails, text messages, photos
• Witness statements — signed statements from people who saw or heard relevant events
• Expert reports — for technical disputes (e.g. building defects, vehicle damage)
• Your own statement — a sworn or affirmed statement setting out your account

How to organise evidence:

1. Number each document (e.g. Exhibit R1, R2, R3)
2. Create a cover sheet listing each exhibit with a brief description
3. Arrange chronologically where possible
4. Highlight or annotate key sections

What NCAT typically will not accept:

• Hearsay — “someone told me” is not evidence unless that person provides a statement
• Unsigned or unsworn statements
• Evidence obtained illegally
• Irrelevant material (e.g. character references in a debt claim)

Provide your response to NCAT

Provide your response and evidence as your notice of listing directs, by any date it sets. Ways to send documents include:

• Online filing — via the NCAT Online Registry (fastest method)
• Email — to the relevant NCAT registry (check the Notice of Claim for the email address)
• Post or in person — at any NCAT office

What to file:

• Your written response (PDF preferred)
• All supporting documents as separate attachments or a single exhibit bundle
• Witness statements (if any)

Service on the applicant:

Send a copy of your response and evidence to the applicant (or their representative) if your notice or NCAT’s directions require it. Keep proof of service (email receipt, registered post tracking).

Attend any directions hearings

For complex matters, NCAT may schedule a directions hearing before the final hearing. This is a short procedural hearing (often by phone) where the tribunal:

• Confirms what is in dispute
• Sets deadlines for filing further evidence
• Gives directions about witness attendance
• Estimates hearing length

Attend every directions hearing. If you do not, NCAT may make orders without your input.

Prepare for the final hearing

The final hearing is where NCAT decides the case.

What to bring:

• Three copies of your evidence bundle (one for you, one for the tribunal, one for the applicant)
• Any witnesses you intend to call
• A short written outline of your key points (optional but helpful)
• A notebook for taking notes

What happens at the hearing:

1. Introduction — the tribunal member introduces themselves and confirms the issues in dispute
2. Applicant’s case — the applicant presents their evidence and calls any witnesses
3. Your case — you present your evidence, call witnesses, and respond to the applicant’s claims
4. Cross-examination — each party can ask questions of the other party’s witnesses
5. Final submissions — each party summarises why they should win
6. Decision — the tribunal may decide on the day or reserve its decision (issue it in writing later)

Hearing tips:

• Speak clearly and directly to the tribunal member, not the applicant
• Stick to the facts — do not argue or interrupt
• If you do not understand a question, ask for clarification
• Bring water — hearings can run 1-3 hours

If you cannot attend:

Apply to NCAT in writing as soon as possible to adjourn (postpone) the hearing. You must show a good reason (e.g. serious illness, unavoidable work commitment). NCAT may refuse and proceed without you.

Possible outcomes

NCAT can:

• Dismiss the application — you win, the claim is rejected
• Make orders in favour of the applicant — you must pay money or comply with specific orders
• Make orders in your favour — if you filed a counterclaim
• Award costs — NCAT rarely orders costs, but may do so if a party acted unreasonably

If you lose, you typically have 28 days to appeal to the NCAT Appeal Panel (on a question of law) or seek leave to appeal to the New South Wales Court of Appeal (limited grounds).

Common defence strategies that work at NCAT

1. The applicant has no evidence

If the claim relies on verbal agreements with no supporting documents, and you deny the agreement existed, the applicant may fail to prove their case.

2. The applicant did not comply with the contract first

If the applicant breached the agreement before you did, you may have a defence based on their prior breach.

3. The claim is time-barred

Some claims must be brought within a limitation period. If the applicant waited too long, the claim may be statute-barred.

4. The amount claimed is inflated

Challenge any amount that is not supported by invoices, quotes, or receipts. Vague claims for “loss of income” or “stress” rarely succeed without proof.

5. You already paid or resolved the dispute

If you have proof of payment, settlement, or waiver, the claim should be dismissed.

How Claim Done prepares your NCAT defence

Claim Done’s Tribunal Response / Defence Pack service drafts your side of the case from your answers.

You complete a short intake form, and our Programmatic Algorithms draft four separate A4 PDFs in about 5 minutes.

What you get:

• A response summary
• A defence position statement
• A chronology
• An evidence list

It does not complete NCAT forms, prepare witness statements or compile an evidence bundle, and it does not lodge, file or serve anything for you. You provide the documents to NCAT and the applicant yourself, as your notice directs.

What you still need to do:

• Review the documents and attach your own evidence
• Provide them to NCAT and the applicant as your notice directs
• Attend the hearing and present your case

Claim Done does not provide legal advice or represent you at the hearing.

Final checklist: Defending an NCAT claim in New South Wales

• [ ] Read the Notice of Claim carefully and identify all allegations
• [ ] Note the listing date and any date in your notice
• [ ] Prepare a written response addressing each claim
• [ ] Gather all supporting documents and organise them as exhibits
• [ ] Obtain witness statements from anyone who can support your case
• [ ] Provide your response and evidence by any date in your notice
• [ ] Give the applicant a copy if required
• [ ] Attend any directions hearings
• [ ] Prepare for the final hearing — bring three copies of everything
• [ ] Present your case clearly and factually at the hearing

Defending an NCAT claim is not about winning an argument. It is about presenting evidence that proves the applicant’s version of events is wrong — or that you are not liable for the reasons they claim.

If you have the evidence, you have the defence. If you need your response documents prepared fast, generate your NCAT defence pack in about 5 minutes.

Frequently Asked Questions

What happens if I don't respond to an NCAT claim?

NCAT’s respondent page says that if you do nothing and do not attend the hearing, NCAT will probably hear the application in your absence and enforceable orders may be made against you. You will still be legally bound by the decision and may have to pay money or comply with orders.

Can I settle an NCAT claim after it has been filed?

Yes. You can negotiate a settlement with the applicant at any time before the hearing. If you reach an agreement, file consent orders with NCAT or ask the tribunal to dismiss the application by consent. Always document settlements in writing.

Do I need a lawyer to defend an NCAT claim?

No. NCAT is designed for self-representation. Most people defend claims without a lawyer. Claim Done can prepare your response documents, but does not provide legal advice or representation.

Can I be ordered to pay the applicant's costs if I lose?

NCAT rarely orders costs. The general rule is that each party pays their own costs. Costs may be awarded if a party acted unreasonably, frivolously, or vexatiously. This is uncommon in standard consumer or tenancy disputes.

How long does an NCAT hearing take?

Most NCAT hearings run 1-3 hours depending on the complexity of the case and the number of witnesses. Simple matters may be decided in under an hour. Complex disputes involving multiple witnesses or expert evidence can take a full day.